These sermons were not only spoken but also written down, so that Israel could continue to hear God’s words through Moses even after his death: ‘Then Moses wrote down this law and gave it to the priests … Moses commanded them … you shall read this law before all Israel in their hearing …’ (31:9–11). So the basic structure of the theology of Deuteronomy is that God has spoken, and given his words to Moses to pass on to the people. The people must hear, believe, obey and preserve these words for future